±èÆòÈ£ ±³¼öÀÇ ÄÚ¸àÆ®


2005. 1. 15.

L. Simpson.

Technology, time and the conversations of modernity. 1995. Routledge: New York.


±â¼úöÇÐ: ±â¼ú°ú Àΰ£, ±× °ü°è¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀϹÝÀû ÀÌÇØÀÇ ¹®Á¦, ±â¼úÀÇ »çȸÀû, ¹®È­Àû, Á¤½ÅÀû ¿µÇâ, ƯÈ÷ ºÎÁ¤ÀûÀÎ Ãø¸é¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Å½±¸¶ó´Â Á¡¿¡¼­....


¿À´Ã³¯ Æ÷½ºÆ®¸ð´øÀûÀÎ »çȸÀÇ ±âº»Àû ¸Æ¶ô¿¡¼­ ±â¼ú°ú ½Ã°£, ±Ù´ë¼º. À̼ºÀÇ ¿ªÇÒ, À±¸®ÀÇ ¹®Á¦ µî¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Å½±¸.


±×ÀÇ Áú¹®:

Q's: Àΰ£ÀÇÁ¤Ã¼¼º°ú ±â¼úÀû À̼º°úÀÇ °ü°è; Àΰ£ÀÇ ÁÖü¼ºÀ» ã±âÀ§ÇÑ ±â¼úÀÇ Á¤´ç¼ºÀ» ÀÎÁ¤ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ±Ù°Å?? ±â¼úÀÇ ÇÕ¸®¼ºÀ» ÀÎÁ¤ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ±Ù°Å.


±â¼úÀÇ ÇÕ¸®¼º/±â¼úÀû À̼º¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÁýÂø, ¸Å´Þ¸²°ú ¿ì¸® ½º½º·Î¸¦ Á¤ÀÇÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¹æ½ÄÀÇ ¼±ÅÃÁö¿ÍÀÇ °ü°è.


Çö´ë¹®È­ÀÇ ±â¼úÀû ¼º°Ý ³»¿¡¼­ ±â¼úÀÇ Á¤´ç¼º, ±â¼ú¿¡ Á¦ÀÚ¸® ã¾ÆÁÖ±â¿Í Àΰ£ÀÇ Á¤Ã¼¼º ã¾ÆÁÖ±âÀÇ ¹®Á¦.


Çö´ë¹®È­ÀÇ ±â¼úÀû ¼º°ÝÀ̶õ?:

¸ðµç ÀǹÌÀÇ °ü°è¸¦(relations of meaning and significance) ¼ö´Ü°ú ¸ñÀûÀ̶ó´Â Ʋ(a means-ends scheme)--ÀúÀúÀÇ ¿ë¾î·Î´Â values-perspective ¸ñÀû·ÐÀû °üÁ¡À¸·Î Àç´ÜÇÏ´Â °Í.


163 ÀǹÌÀÖ´Â »î, À̼ºÀûÀ¸·Î defensibleÇÑ »îÀ» ÀÌ·èÇÏ´Â ¿ì¸® ´É·Â¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±â¼úÀû À̼º/ÇÕ¸®¼ºÀÇ ÇÔÀÇ´Â?

±â¼úÀÌ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ÇàÀ§¿Í »ç°í¿¡ ³¢Ä¡´Â ¿µÇâ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ºñÆÇÀû ºÐ¼®

±â¼ú·Î ä¿öÁø ¹®È­Àû, »çȸÀû »óȲ¿¡¼­ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ »óȲ¿¡¼­ ¹«¾ùÀ»  ÇÒ °ÍÀΰ¡? ±â¼úÀÌ Á¦ÀÚ¸®¸¦ ÀâÀº »îÀº ¾î¶² °ÍÀ» ¸»Çϴ°¡, ¾î¶»°Ô ¿µÀ§ÇؾßÇϴ°¡?


174: what level of instrumentalization and of technical rationalization is necessary or consistent, under existing though contestable conditions of natural or quasinatural adversity and scarcity, with a socially emancipated life, meaningfully lived?

¾î´À Á¤µµÀÇ µµ±¸È­, ¶Ç´Â ±â¼úÀû ÇÕ¸®È­°¡ ÀÚ¿¬»óÅÂ, ¶Ç´Â ±×¿¡ °¡±î¿î »óÅÂÀÇ ¼¼°è¿¡¼­ÀÇ ºÎÁ·ÇÏ°í Çè³­ÇÑ Á¶°Ç ¼Ó¿¡¼­ »çȸÀûÀ¸·Î ÇعæµÈ »î, ÀǹÌÀÖ°Ô ¿µÀ§ÇÏ´Â »î°ú ÀûÀýÇÏ°Ô Á¶È­¸¦ ÀÌ·ç´Â°¡....  Á¶È­¸¦ ÀÌ·ç´Âµ¥ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ°¡?


±â¼ú·Î ä¿öÁø ¹®È­Àû, »çȸÀû »óȲ¿¡¼­ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ »óȲ¿¡¼­ ¹«¾ùÀ»  ÇÒ °ÍÀΰ¡? ±â¼úÀÌ Á¦ÀÚ¸®¸¦ ÀâÀº »îÀº ¾î¶² °ÍÀ» ¸»Çϴ°¡, ¾î¶»°Ô ¿µÀ§ÇؾßÇϴ°¡?


1. ±â¼ú·Î ±â¼úÀ» Á¦¾îÇÏ´Â ¹æ½Ä

2. ³Ã¼ÒÀûÀÌ°í ¼ÖÁ÷ÇÏÁö ¸øÇÑ Æ÷½ºÆ®¸ð´õ´ÏÁòÀÇ °Å¸®µÎ±â ¹æ½Ä detachment

3. °á´ÜÀÇ À±¸®. Çö½ÇÀû »îÀÇ ¼¼°è¿¡ ¸Âµüµå¸®¸é¼­ Àǹ̸¦ ã´Â ¹æ½Ä

4. ¹ÌÇÐÀû °æÇè¿¡ ¸¸Á·Çϸ鼭 ¿°¼¼Àû ¹°·¯¼­ÀÖ±âÀÇ ¹æ½Ä (¼ÒÆæÇÏ¿ì¾î) resignation

5. ÀüÁöÀû °üÁ¡ÀÇ »ó½Ç, ±×·ÎÀÎÇÑ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÀÚÀ¯ÀÇ ¸¸³£ÀÇ ¹æ½Ä (´Ïü)

6. ½Å¾Ó.


3. °á´ÜÀÇ À±¸®. Çö½ÇÀû »îÀÇ ¼¼°è¿¡ ¸Âµüµå¸®¸é¼­ Àǹ̸¦ ã´Â ¹æ½Ä

the maintenance of integrity within the flux. ÀÏ°üµÈ »îÀÇ ÅµµÀÇ À¯Áö

resolve = hope =/= optimismÀÇ Â÷ÀÌ

a critical response to technology

colonization of the life-world by systemic mechanisms.

relative proportion of techne, praxis and play in such a life....


ÀûÀýÇÑ ºñÀ²ÀÇ ±â¼ú°ú µµ±¸ techne, ÀǹÌÀÖ´Â »îÀ» Ãß±¸ÇÏ·Á´Â ³ë·Â praxis, ±×¸®°í À¯Èñ play°¡ Á¶È­¸¦ ÀÌ·ç´Â °á´Ü, °áÁ¤¿¡ ´Þ·ÁÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¼¼°¡Áö ¿ä¼Ò¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ »îÀÇ À̾߱â. narrative. postmodernÀûÀÎ °ÍÀÇ Á¤´ç¼º, Áï À¯Èñ¿Í ¹ÌÇÐÀû °æÇèÀÇ Â÷¿ø¿¡¼­   µµ È®º¸... legitimacy of the postmodernist sensibility... °Í.


Ch. 1.

Áß¿ä °³³äµé;

postmodern despair: relativism °ú ±×¿¡ ¼ö¹ÝµÉ ¼ö¹Û¿¡ ¾ø´Â nihilism.

end-oriented , value-oriented thinking.

technological rationality vs. scientific rationality vs. systems rationality vs. critical rationality vs. communicative rationality (Habermas), purposive rational (Weber)....

reduction of experience

instrumentally saturated culture

structures of meaning. vs. structure of feeling



end-oriented , value-oriented thinking.

technological rationality: ±â¼úÀû À̼º, ¸ñÀû·ÐÀû »ç°í.

notions of effectiveness: È¿°ú¶ó´Â °³³ä, °ü³ä, efficiency: È¿À²¼ºÀÇ Ãß±¸. ÀÌ ¶§¹®¿¡ ÅëÁ¦¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÌÇظ¦ ¹æÇØÇÏ´Â ¸ñÀû·ÐÀû/°¡Ä¡Áß½ÉÀû »ç°í¹æ½ÄÀ¸·Î¼­ÀÇ ±â¼úÀû À̼º¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀǽÉÀÌ °­È­µÉ ¼ö¹Û¿¡ ¾ø´Ù.


¸ñÀûÀ» ½ÇÇöÇϱâ À§ÇÑ °¡Àå ÀûÀýÇÑ ¹æ¹ý/¼ö´Ü¿¡ ÁýÁßÇϴ ŵµ vs. social constructivist account of technology


reduction of experience: °æÇèÀÇ Ãà¼Ò

±â¼ú°ú ½Ã°£. ±â¼ú¹ßÀü, È®»êÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇÑ ½Ã°£¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °æÇè¿¡ÀÇ ¿µÇâ. ƯÈ÷ ¼­¾çÀÇ ¿ª»çÀû ¸Æ¶ô¿¡¼­...

time domestication == future control. future present. denying the finitude of mankind.

praxisÀÇ ÀǹÌ. integrity of practices == À±¸®Àû ±Ô¹üÀÇ ½ÇõÀû ÀνÄ, ÇàÀ§ÀÇ ÀÏ°ü¼º, ÃÑü¼º


instrumentally saturated culture: ±â°è ¶Ç´Â µµ±¸·Î °¡µæÇÑ ¹®È­Àû ȯ°æ

ÀǹÌÀÇ ±¸Á¶¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °ü½É/¿¬±¸¸¦ ¼ö´Ü°ú ¸ñÀû¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °ü½ÉÀ¸·Î ´ëÄ¡--µµ±¸Àû À̼ºÀÇ ´ã·ÐÀÌ ÁÖµµÇÏ´Â ¹®È­Àû ȯ°æ. hypostatizing of ends or values.



³­ÇØÇÑ ÀÌÀ¯?

1. Habermas-Gadamer debate

2. hermeneutics == concerning interpretation

3. phenomenology == the description and classification of phenomena ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÌÇØ

4. post-structuralism. structuralism == the doctrine that structure is more important than function


±×·¯³ª °á·ÐÀº, ÀúÀÚ°¡ ÁÖÀåÇÏ´Â ±âº» °ñÀÚ´Â?

1. ±â¼úÀÇ »ç¿ë¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÁÁÀº/±àÁ¤ÀûÀΠŵµ, ³ª»Û/ ºÎÁ¤ÀûÀΠŵµ¸¦ ±¸ºÐÇÒ ÁÙ ¾Æ´Â ´É·Â, Áï ±Ô¹üÀû À±¸®ÀÇ Æ² ¶Ç´Â °üÁ¡À» ¹è¾çÇϱâ À§ÇÑ ºñÆÇÀû ÀÛ¾÷ÀÌ ÇÊ¿ä. Áï, ÀǹÌÀÖ´Â »î°ú °øÇãÇÑ »îÀÇ ±¸ºÐ.

2. ±â¼ú¿¡ Àΰ£Àû ƲÀ» ¾º¿ì´Â °Í.

°á·Ð ºÎºÐ¿¡¼­ µé°í ÀÖ´Â ÀÇ·áÀÇ ¿¹¿¡¼­.

illness vs. disease. treatment physiological cure°¡ ÀüºÎ°¡ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. care°¡ ¹«¾ùº¸´Ù Áß¿äÇÏ´Ù.


Ch. 2.

technology: Àΰ£Àû °¡Ä¡¿Í ±â¼úÀÇ À§Ä¡¿¡ °üÇÑ Áú¹®, Áï ±â¼úÀÇ ÀǹÌ?

1. ³»ÀçÀû µ¿·ÂÀ» °®Ãá ÁÖüÀû Á¸Àç (phenomenon) Çö»ó? == ±â¼úÀ» µ¶¸³ÀûÀÎ ÈûÀ¸·Î ÀÎÁ¤ÇÏ´Â, Áï hypostatization º»ÁúÀû Á¸ÀçÈ­... ½Å°ÝÈ­ÇÏ´Â ¹®Á¦°¡ ÀÖ°í...

2. Àΰ£ÀÇ ÇÊ¿ä¿¡ ºÀ»çÇÏ´Â °¡Ä¡Á߸³ÀûÀÎ µµ±¸µéÀÇ ÁýÇÕ? == ±â¼úÀÇ ³»ÀçÀû ³í¸®, ±â¼úÀÇ ±¸Á¶, ±â¼ú¿¡ µû¶ó¾ß ÇÏ´Â ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ÇѰ踦 ÀνÄÄ¡ ¸øÇÏ´Â ¹®Á¦°¡ ÀÖ°í


¸ðµç ±â¼úÀÇ ¸ñÇ¥¿¡´Â Àΰ£ÀÇ ¿å±¸--¼ÒÅë, ¿À¶ô, ±³Åë, ¾ÈÀü, °Ç°­, ¿µ¾ç, ÁÖ°Å, ÆíÀÇ µîµî--°¡ ¹è¾îÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ·± ¿ä¼ÒµéÀÌ ¿ì¸®·Î ÇÏ¿©±Ý ±â¼úÀ» ÀÌÇØÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â Çؼ®Àû Ʋ/ÁöÇ¥(hermeneutic grid)¸¦ Çü¼ºÇÑ´Ù.


¿ì¸®°¡ Ãß±¸ÇÏ´Â °¡Ä¡¸¦ ½ÇÇö½ÃÄÑÁÖ´Â ±âÁ¦À̱⠶§¹®¿¡ ±â¼úÀÇ Á߿伺ÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ±× °¡Ä¡°¡ ±â¼úÀÇ ¸ñÇ¥°¡ µÇ¸é ¼ö´ÜÀ¸·Î¼­ÀÇ ±â¼úÀÌ ¸ñÇ¥°¡ µÇ¾î¹ö¸®´Â »óÅ°¡... ±×°ÍÀº ±â´ÉÀû ¿µ¿ªÀÇ ¹®Á¦·Î ÀüÀ̵ȴÙ. realm of technics. ÀÌ ¸ñÇ¥°¡ °¢Á¾ ±â¼úÀÇ ÆÇ´ÜÀÇ ±âÁØ guiding criteriaÀÌ µÇ¸é, ±â¼úÀÇ ÁýÇÕÀº Àΰ£Àû »îÀÇ ¼¼°è¿Í ´ÜÀýµÇ°í.... À̶§ ±â¼úÀÇ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ »îÀÇ ¼¼°è¿Í º°µµÀÇ Á¸Àç, ºñ¼¼°è¼º worldlessness, ¸ñÀû°ú ¹è°æÀ¸·Î¼­ÀÇ ¼ö´Ü°ú ´ÜÀýµÈ´Ù.... p. 14. ...


±â¼úÀÇ ÁÖü¼ºÀº ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ±Ç·Â¿¡ÀÇ ÀÇÁö°¡ ±â¼ú¿¡ ºÎ¿©ÇÑ °Í. ´Ù¸¥ ¸»·Î Çϸé/ technology has been a response to our finitude from the beginning. Àΰ£ÀÇ À¯ÇѼº. Àΰ£ÀÇ ¿¬¾àÇÔ, »ý¸íÀÇ À¯ÇÑÇÔ, Áï ¿ì¸®ÀÇ »î¿¡ Á¸ÀçÇÏ´Â ÇÑ°è. Àΰ£»îÀÇ ÇÑ°è. ±â¼úÀÇ °³³äÀº ½Ã°£ÀÇ Àý¾à¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù.


±â¼úÀû ¼¼°è°üÀ̶õ ¼¼°è¸¦ È°¿ëµÇ¾î¾ß ÇÒ ÀÚ¿øÀ¸·Î ¶Ç´Â ±Øº¹µÇ¾î¾ßÇÒ ÇÑ°è·Î ÆľÇÇÑ´Ù´Â °Í. p. 15.


technology == problem-solving process, achievement than process, the set of knowledge, skills and instruments.. efficient and effective at problem-solving...


±â¼úÀû °üÁ¡, ±â¼úÀû Á¢±Ù, ±â¼úÀÌ ¹®Á¦¸¦ ÇØ°áÇÏ´Â ¹æ½Ä... p. 15.

16ÀÌÇÏ °úÇаú ±â¼úÀÇ Â÷ÀÌÁ¡.


p. 16. ¼ö´Ü°ú ¸ñÇ¥ÀÇ ºÐ¸®. È¿À²Àû ¸ñÇ¥½ÇÇöÀ» À§ÇÑ ¼ö´ÜÀÇ ÇÕ¸®Àû µ¿¿ø. Áï. ±â¼ú. ¹Ì·¡¸¦ ÅëÁ¦Çϱâ À§ÇÑ ¸ñÀûÀ» °¡Áö°í ÇÕ¸®ÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÌ·ç¾îÁø ½ÇõÀû Àâ¾÷ÀÌ ±â¼ú. ,

±â¼ú: ÅëÁ¦¿Í º¯È­¸¦ À§ÇÑ Áö½Ä, °úÁ¤, ±â´É, »ê¹°µéÀÇ ¸ðÀ½.


18. ±â¼úÀû Áøº¸? È¿°ú¸¦ ±Ø´ëÈ­ (½Å·Úµµ, Áö¼Ó¼º, °­µµ, Æí¸®ÇÔ µîµî)ÇÏ°í ¸ñÇ¥¸¦ ÀÌ·èÇϱâ À§ÇÑ È¿À²¼ºÀ̶ó´Â °úÁ¦°¡ ´Þ¼ºµÇ¾ú´Â°¡ÀÇ ¿©ºÎ°¡ ±â¼úÀÇ Áøº¸ ôµµ.


EllulÀÇ °üÁ¡... ±â¼úÀÇ ÀüüÁÖÀÇÀû ¼º°Ý.


±â¼úÀÇ Á¤ÀÇ: p. 16./ 24 ¼ö´Ü°ú ¸ñÇ¥ÀÇ ºÐ¸®. È¿À²Àû ¸ñÇ¥½ÇÇöÀ» À§ÇÑ ¼ö´ÜÀÇ ÇÕ¸®Àû µ¿¿ø. Áï. ±â¼ú. ¹Ì·¡¸¦ ÅëÁ¦Çϱâ À§ÇÑ ¸ñÀûÀ» °¡Áö°í ÇÕ¸®ÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÌ·ç¾îÁø ½ÇõÀû Àâ¾÷ÀÌ ±â¼ú. ,

±â¼ú: ÅëÁ¦¿Í º¯È­¸¦ À§ÇÑ Áö½Ä, °úÁ¤, ±â´É, »ê¹°µéÀÇ ¸ðÀ½.

±â¼úÀº Á¡Â÷ °­·ÂÇÑ ¹æ½ÄÀÇ ÀÚ¿¬(¹°¸®Àû, »ý¹°ÇÐÀû, Àΰ£Àû)¿¡ÀÇ °³ÀÔÀ» ÅëÇØ ¹Ì·¡¸¦ Àΰ£ÀÇ ÅëÁ¦ÇÏ¿¡ µÎ·Á´Â ÇàÀ§ÀÇ ÁýÇÕ.  technology refers to that set of practices whose purpose is, through ever more radical interventions into nature(physical, biological and human), to place the future at our disposal.


===> ÀÌ·± Á¡¿¡¼­ technologyÀÇ Æ¯¼º: worldlessness? ºñ¼¼°è¼º, ºñÇö½Ç¼º? ¹«½¼ ÀǹÌ? º»ÁúÀûÀ¸·Î À¯ÇÑÇÒ ¼ö¹Û¿¡ ¾ø´Â Àΰ£ÀÇ ÇÑ°è¶ó´Â ¼¼°èÀÇ ºÎÁ¤À̶ó´Â Á¡¿¡¼­ worldlessÇÏ´Ù.


´Ù¸¥ ¸»·Î Çϸé/ technology has been a response to our finitude from the beginning. Àΰ£ÀÇ À¯ÇѼº. Àΰ£ÀÇ ¿¬¾àÇÔ, »ý¸íÀÇ À¯ÇÑÇÔ, Áï ¿ì¸®ÀÇ »î¿¡ Á¸ÀçÇÏ´Â ÇÑ°è. Àΰ£ »îÀÇ ÇÑ°è. ±â¼úÀÇ °³³äÀº ½Ã°£ÀÇ Àý¾à¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ±â¼úÀû ¼¼°è°üÀ̶õ ¼¼°è¸¦ È°¿ëµÇ¾î¾ß ÇÒ ÀÚ¿øÀ¸·Î ¶Ç´Â ±Øº¹µÇ¾î¾ßÇÒ ÇÑ°è·Î ÆľÇÇÑ´Ù´Â °Í. p. 15.


p. 21. ÀÌ·± °üÁ¡¿¡¼­ ±â¼úÀÇ ¸ñÇ¥´Â stop the clock, to derealize time. ½Ã°£ÀÇ ºñÇö½ÇÈ­, ±â´Ù¸²À¸·ÎºÎÅÍÀÇ Çعæ. ¸ñÇ¥¸¦ ½ÇÇöÇϱâ À§ÇÑ ÃÖ¼ÒÀÇ ½Ã°£ Ãß±¸¶ó´Â Á¡¿¡¼­... ±×·³À¸·Î½á Àΰ£ÀÇ ¿µ¿øÇÑ »î¿¡ °¡±õµµ·Ï ÇÏ°í... ½Ã°£ÀÇ º¯È­¹«½ÖÇÔÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ´ú À§ÇèÇϵµ·Ï... less vulnerable to the vicissitudes of time. reduction of experience.


Ch. 3.

reduction of experience. °úÇаú Àΰ£ °æÇèÀÇ º»Áú.

scientific rationality.


Çؼ®ÀÇ °úÇаú »î¿¡¼­ÀÇ Â÷ÀÌ.

°úÇÐ: ÀΰúÀû ¼³¸íƲÀ» °¡Áø °úÇÐ. °úÇÐÀÇ Çؼ®Àû ¼º°Ý = ÀΰúÀû ¼³¸í. 

»î: Àΰ£ÀÇ »î¿¡ Àǹ̸¦ ºÎ¿©ÇÏ´Â ¹®È­Àû ¿ª»çÀû ¿¬°è¸ÁÀÇ Á߿伺. ÀÚ±âÀÇ Á¸À縦 ÀÌÇØÇÏ°í ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ »î¿¡ Àǹ̸¦ ã°íÀÚÇÏ´Â ½Ãµµ¿¡ ³»ÀçµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â Çؼ®Àû ÇàÀ§, Áï Àǹ̸¦ ã°íÀÚÇÏ´Â ÇàÀ§°¡ »îÀ̶ó´Â °Í. 


°æÇèÀÇ ±¸Á¶: °æÇèÀº ÁÖ°üÀû ÀǹÌÀÇ ¼¼°èÀÌ´Ù.

µÎ°¡ÁöÀÇ ¼­·Î ´Ù¸¥ °æÇèÀÇ Â÷¿ø. Å°¿¡¸£ÄÉ°ñÀÇ ºÐ·ù either/or

1. ¹ÌÇÐÀû: ½Ã°£ÀÇ ¿¬¼Ó¼º¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ºÎÁ¤; °æÇè ÁÖüÀÇ ÀÚÀ¯. ÀÓÀÇÀû ±âÁØ. ±Ã±ØÀûÀ¸·Î ¹ÌÇÐÀû °æÇèÀÇ ÃÖ°í»óÅ´ ³ÃÁ¤ÇÑ, °´°üÀûÀÎ °ü°´ÀÌ µÇ´Â °Í. ÀÚ±âÀÇ »î¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­µµ...

2. À±¸®Àû: ½Ã°£ÀÇ ¿¬¼Ó¼º¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±àÁ¤; »î¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÁöÀû ÀÌÇØ¿¡ ¹ÌÇÐÀû °æÇèÀÇ ±¸Á¶´Â ÀÌÇØÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù´Â °Í. »î¿¡ Àǹ̸¦ È®ÀÎÇϱâ À§Çؼ­´Â ¾î¶² ±âÁØÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù´Â °Í.


ÇÏÀ̵¥°ÅÀÇ °üÁ¡. 34. Àΰ£ Á¸ÀçÀÇ Çö½Ç ¼¼°è³»Àû ÇÑ°è/À§»ó. À§»óÀÇ ¸Æ¶ô: ÀÌÇØ°ü°è, ±Ù½É, ½Å³ä µîµî... ¿ì¸®ÀÇ »î¿¡ Àǹ̸¦ ºÎ¿©ÇØÁÖ´Â À̵鿡 ÀÇÇØ À§»óÀÇ ¸Æ¶ôÀÌ ±ÔÁ¤µÈ´Ù. ¼¼°è´Â ¿ì¸® Á¸Àç°¡ ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷°ú »ç¹°¿¡ °ü°è¸¦ ¸Î´Â ¹è°æÀ¸·Î Á¸Àç. µû¶ó¼­ Àΰ£Àº ¼¼°è¸¦ ¹þ¾î³­ °üÁ¡¾ø´Â, ¾ð¾î¸¦ ¶°³­ ¾î¶² °üÁ¡À» °¡Áú ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ±×·¯³ª °úÇÐÀû °üÁ¡Àº ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¹«°üÁ¡, ¾ð¾î·Î Ç¥ÇöµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â °üÁ¡À», Áï ¡®µµÇÇ¡¯escape, ¶Ç´Â ¡®¼¼°è¿ÍÀÇ °Å¸®µÎ±â¡¯ a distance on the world ¸¦ ÀÌ»óÀû »óÅ·Î, °´°üÀû »óÅ·Π¹Þ¾ÆµéÀδÙ. °úÇÐÀû °üÁ¡Àº ÇϳªÀÇ ´ë»óÀ¸·Î objectum º¯È¯µÈ ¼¼°è¸¦ ÀüÁ¦·Î ÇÏ°í °Å±â¿¡ ¼­ÀÖ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¼¼°è¿¡¼­ÀÇ °æÇèÀº Á¾·¡¿¡´Â ¹Ýº¹ÀûÀÎ °ÍÀ¸·Î ÅëÁ¦°¡´ÉÇÑ °ÍÀ¸·Î º¯È­µÈ´Ù.


ºÎÀ¯ÇÏ´Â/ªÀº ÁÖ°üÀû °æÇèÀÇ ÀÏȸ¼º, ºÒ¾ÈÁ¤¼ºÀ» ¹Ý´ëÇÑ´Ù´Â Á¡¿¡¼­... ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ °üÁ¡Àº ¼¼°è¸¦ ÇϳªÀÇ ±×¸²À¸·Î, Àΰ£Àº ±× ±×¸²¼Ó¿¡ Á¸ÀçÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ±× ±×¸²À» ¹Ù¶óº¸´Â °üÂûÀڷμ­.... Àΰ£°ú ¼¼°è¿ÍÀÇ °Å¸®¸¦ ÀüÁ¦ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ °úÇÐÀû »ç°íÀÇ ±âº»Æ². Àΰ£ÀÇ ±¸Ã¼Àû »óȲ¿¡ ³õ¿©ÀÖ´Â Àΰ£º¸´Ù´Â º¯ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î Ãà¼Ò, °úÇÐÀÇ ÀÌÇعæ½Ä¿¡¼­ °æÇèÀº µû¶ó¼­ ºñ¿ª»çÀû, ¸ô¿ª»çÀûÀÎ °ÍÀ¸·Î ¸¸µç´Ù.  Áï Âü¿©¿Í Á¤ÁÖ°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó °üÂû°ú Ç¥»ó¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °üÁ¡À» Áö´Ïµµ·Ï....


40. °úÇÐÀÇ À̷οò. È¿¿ëÀº ºÎÁ¤ºÒ°¡. ±×·¯³ª ¹®Á¦´Â °úÇÐÀÌ Àΰ£ÀÇ ±¸Ã¼Àû °æÇèÀÇ Àǹ̸¦ ¸í·áÇÏ°Ô ¼³¸íÇس¾ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù´Â °Í.

À±¸®Àû °æÇèÀÇ ±¸Á¶´Â ³»°¡ ´©±¸Àΰ¡, ³ªÀÇ °æÇè¿¡¼­ ãÀ» ¼ö ÀÕ´Â Àǹ̴ ¹«¾ùÀΰ¡¿¡ ÃÊÁ¡... °úÇÐÀº ±×·¯³ª ¿ì¸®³ª ´©±¸Àΰ¡¸¦ ¹¯Áö¸»°í, ¿ì¸® ÀÚ½ÅÀ» ¹ÛÀ¸·Î ¹Ð¾î³¾ °ÍÀ» ¿ä±¸ÇÑ´Ù´Â °Í. ±×·¸°Ô Çؼ­ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ °æÇèÀ» °Å¸®¸¦ µÎ°í °üÂûÇÑ´Ù´Â °Í.°´°üÀÇ À̸§À¸·Î....


Ch. 4.

½Ã°£ÀÇ ¹®Á¦.

°úÇÐÀÌ ±×·¯ÇϵíÀÌ ±â¼ú ¿ª½Ã °æÇèÀÇ Ãà¼Ò/¿Ö¼ÒÈ­. °æÇèÀÇ Ãà¾àÀ» °¡Á®¿Â´Ù´Â °Í.

technology: means-end rationality. ¼ö´Ü-¸ñÀûÀÇ ÆÇ´Üü°è.

ÀǹÌÀÇ Áú¹®À» °¡Ä¡ÀÇ Áú¹®À¸·Î ȯ¿ø. ¹«½¼ ÀǹÌ? ¹«½¼ °¡Ä¡, È¿¿ë?À¸·Î º¯È¯

ÀǹÌÀÇ ±¸Á¶¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Áú¹®À» ¸ñÇ¥¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Áú¹®À¸·Î Àüȯ. 


43. °æÇèÀÇ Ãà¼Ò/¿Ö¼ÒÈ­´Â ±â¼úÀÌ ½Ã°£À» ´ëÇÏ´Â, ½Ã°£À» ÀνÄÇÏ´Â Â÷¿ø¿¡¼­ µå·¯³­´Ù. Áï, ½Ã°£ÀÇ º¯È­¿Í »ý¼ºÀ̶ó´Â ½Ã°£ÀÇ º»¼ºÀ» ¡®´Ùµë¾î¼­¡¯ domesticate ¹Ì·¡¸¦ ÇöÀçÀÇ °üÁ¡¿¡¼­ /Â÷¿ø¿¡¼­ ¿¹Ãø°¡´ÉÇÑ °ÍÀ¸·Î ½Å·ÚÇÒ¸¸ÇÑ °ÍÀ¸·Î ¸¸µé¾î¹ö¸°´Ù´Â Â÷¿ø¿¡½Ã.... µû¶ó¼­ ½Ã°£¼ÓÀÇ Á¸ÀçÇÑ´Ù´Â »óȲÀÌ ´Â °ÍÀº »ý»êÀû Á¶°ÇÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ¼Ò¿ÜÀÇ Á¶°ÇÀ¸·Î ÆľÇÇÑ´Ù´Â °Í. Áï ½Ã°£Àº ŸÀÚÀÇ °ÇÀ¸·Î °æÇèÇÏ¸ç µû¶ó¼­ ¾ï´­·¯¾ß ÇÒ °Í, ¶Ç´Â Áö¾çÇØ¾ß ÇÒ °ÍÀ¸·Î ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô °æÇèÅä·ÏÇÑ´Ù. Á¸ÀçÀÇ ¿ª»ç¼º? ÀÇ¹Ì Ãß±¸ÀûÀÎ Àΰ£ Á¸Àç.


±â¼úÇÁ·ÎÁ§Æ® = Àΰ£¿¡°Ô ¹«ÇÑÇÑ ÈûÀ» ÁÖ°íÀÚ ÇÏ´Â ±âȹ. (Bacon, Descartes). ÀÚ¿¬À» Á¤º¹ÇÏ°íÀÚÇÏ´Â ±Ç·Â¿¡ÀÇ ÀÇÁö¸¦ Á¤´çÈ­ÇÏ´Â »ç°í.


±â¼úÀÇ ½Ã´ë: ÇÏÀ̵¥°Å: »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô ÇÏ´Â °Í¿¡ÀÇ °­Á¶. µû¶ó¼­ °¢Á¾ÀÇ ¼ö´ÜÀû µµ±¸ÀÇ Áõ°¡. arsenal of means.   µû¶ó¼­ ºÐ¸íÇÑ È¿¿ë°ú ÀáÀçÀû È¿¿ëÀÇ Â÷¿ø¿¡¼­ »ç¹°°ú ÇàÀ§¸¦ °æÇèÇϰųª ±×¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹°À½À» ´øÁö´Â ¹æ½ÄÀ» Á¦ÇÑÇÏ´Â °Í. Áï ¼ö´Ü°ú ¸ñÀûÀ̶ó´Â »ç°íÀÇ Æ²³»¿¡¼­ ÇൿÇϵµ·Ï ÇÑ´Ù.´Â °Í. men as meaning-oriented creatures


44. ¾Æ¸¥Æ®. the human condition È¿¿ëÀº ±Ã±ØÀûÀÎ ¸ñÀûÀÌ µÉ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ¿Ö³ÄÇϸé È¿¿ëÀº °è¼ÓÀûÀΠȸ±Í infinite regress, ¶Ç´Â ÀÚÀÇÀû °á·Ð arbitraryÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇØ ÇàÀ§¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÆÇ´ÜÀÇ ÁØ°ÅƲÀÌ µÉ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ±×¸®°í °¡Ä¡/ ¸ñÀûÀÌ ¿ì¸®°¡ ¼Ò¸ÁÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ̶ó¸é, Áï ¿ì¸® ÀÇÁöÀÇ ÁÖ°üÀû »ê¹°À̶ó¸é ¿ì¸®°¡ ¿Ö ÀÌ°Í ´ë½Å¿¡ Àú°ÍÀ» ¿øÇÏ´ÂÁö¸¦ ¼³¸íÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °­ÇÑ ±Ù°ÅÀÖ´Â compelling reason ÀÌÀ¯¸¦ ãÀ» ¼ö ¾ø´Ù(¿Ö? arbitrary ÀÌ¿Ü¿¡´Â ´äÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ±×³É ³»°¡ ¿øÇϴϱî ÇÏ´Â Á¤µµ ÀÌ¿Ü¿¡´Â ´ä ºÒ°¡´É). È¿¿ë? ¹«¾ùÀ» À§ÇÑ È¿¿ë? ¸ñÀû·ÐÀû »ç°í, °ü³äÀº ²÷ÀÓ¾øÀÌ Á¦±âµÇ´Â Áú¹®ÀÇ ¿¬¼Ó¾È¿¡¼­ ±× Àǹ̸¦ ÀÒ°Ô µÇ°í Áï È¿¿ëÀÇ ¿µ¿ª¿¡¼­ Àǹ̴ ãÀ» ¼ö ¾ø´Ù.


infinite regressÀÇ

¿¹ 1: ´ï Áþ±â? ´ïÀº ¿Ö? Àü·Â»ý»ê? ¿Ö Àü·Â»ý»ê? »ç¶÷, »ýÈ°ÀÇ ÇÊ¿ä? ¿Ö »ýÈ°¿¡ ÇÊ¿ä? Æí¸®? ¿Ö Æí¸®? comfort? ¿Ö ¾È¶ôÇÔ? ³ëµ¿ÀÇ °íÅë? ¿Ö ³ëµ¿¿¡¼­ °íÅëÀ» ´À³¢³ª? À°Ã¼Àû °íÅë? cyclical redundant repetitive questions.

¿¹ 2: perfect security. ¿Ïº®ÇÑ ¾ÈÀüÀ» Ãß±¸ÇÏ´Â ±â¼úÀº °á±¹ Àΰ£¿¡°Ô ´õ¿í °øÆ÷½º·¯¿ò¸¸À» °¡Á®¿À°Ô µÈ´Ù. the ideal of perfect security?


ÇÏÀ̵¥°Å being in time. Àǹ̿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀûÀýÇÑ ÀÌÇØ°¡ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁö´Â ÁöÁ¡¿¡¼­ ³¡¾ø´Â ȸ±Íinfinite regress´Â ¸ØÃß°Ô µÈ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ±â¼ú¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿À´Ã³¯ÀÇ Áö±ÝÀÇ »ý°¢Àº ÁÖ·Î ¸ñÀû·ÐÀû, È¿¿ë·ÐÀû ÁöÇ⼺À» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ¾î ¸ñÇ¥¿Í Àǹ̸¦ ¼­·Î È¥¿ëÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.


45. the worldlessness of the scheme of means and ends.

the means-ends schema: ¸ñÇ¥¿¡ ÁÖµµ±Ç. ¸ñÇ¥¿¡ ÁßÁ¡À» µÎ°í ÀÖÀ½. all that matters is the result. the action has no significance in itself. its significance lies in its consequences. µû¶ó¼­ ¼ö´ÜÀº ºÎÂ÷ÀûÀÎ °ÍÀ¸·Î.... ¹®Á¦´Â ¼ö´ÜÀÌ ¸ñÇ¥´Þ¼º¿¡ ¾î¶°ÇÑ ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÏ´À³Ä¿¡ Àǹ̰¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ¼ö´ÜÀº ¿©·¯ °¡Áö°¡ ÀÖÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â Á¡¿¡¼­ Áï ¼ö´ÜÀÇ ´Ù¾ç¼ºÀÌ °á±¹ ±â¼úÀû Áøº¸ÀÌ°í ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ ±â¼úÀÇ º¸Æí¼ºÀ» ÁÖÀåÇÏ´Â ±Ù°Å·Î...


48. ±â¼úÀû ÇàÀ§´Â °á°úÁöÇâÀû ÇàÀ§. ±â¼úÀÇ ¼ºÆд ¸ñÇ¥ÀÇ È¿À²Àû È¿°úÀû ¼ºÃë°¡´É¼ºÀ¸·Î Æò°¡. ±× ÀÇ¹Ì ¿ª½Ã ±×·¯ÇÑ ±âÁØÀ¸·Î Æò°¡. À̷μ­ ±â¼úÀº ÀǹÌÀÇ ¸Æ¶ô¿¡¼­ °¡Ä¡¸¦ ºÐ¸®½ÃŲ´Ù. ¡°°úÇÐÀÌ °­Á¦ÇÏ´Â °æÇèÀÇ Ãà¼Ò´Â ÁÖ°üÀû °æÇ⼺À̳ª °üÁ¡¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¿À¿°µÇÁö ¾ÊÀº ¼ø¼öÇÑ °üÂûÀû ½Ã°¢À» ÀÌ»óÀûÀÎ °ÍÀ¸·Î °£ÁÖÇÑ´Ù´Â Ãø¸é¿¡¼­ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁø´Ù¸é, ±â¼úÀÌ °­Á¦ÇÏ´Â °æÇèÀÇ Ãà¼Ò´Â »ç¹°, »ç°Ç, °úÁ¤ ÇàÀ§ µîÀÌ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Â º¹ÇÕÀûÀÎ °ü°è¼º, ¿¬°èÀÇ Ãß»óÈ­, ¶Ç´Â ¿ª»çÀûÀ¸·Î Çü¼ºµÇ°í ¹®È­ÀûÀ¸·Î ƯÁ¤ÇÑ ÇüÅÂÀÇ »îÀ» Ãß»óÈ­ÇØ À̸¦ ´ÜÁö È¿¿ë¼ºÀÇ °üÁ¡¿¡¼­¸¸ ¹Ù¶óº»´Ù´Â Á¡¿¡¼­ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁø´Ù.¡± ´Ù½Ã ¸»ÇÏ¸é ±â¼úÀû Ãà¼Ò´Â °æÇèÀ» ÀÚ¿ø, µµ±¸, »÷Ãâ¹°·Î ȯ¿ø½ÃÅ°°í, °úÇÐÀÇ ¼¼°è°¡ ±¸Á¶¿Í Çؼ®À¸·Î constructs and pointer readings ±¸¼ºµÇ¾î ÀÖµíÀÌ....¼ö´Ü°ú ¸ñÀûÀÇ Æ²¿¡¼­ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁö´Â °úÇаú ±â¼ú ¿ª½Ã »îÀÇ ÇÑ ÇüÅÂÀÌÁö¸¸ ±íÀÌ°¡ ¾ø´Â °ÍÀ̸ç life lacking depth, µû¶ó¼­ À̵éÀÇ »îÀº ¼¼°è¿Í °ü°è¾ø´Â   worldlessness. ±¸Ã¼Àû Çö½Ç°ú µ¿¶³¾îÁø °ÍÀÌ´Ù.


Àǹ̷μ­ÀÇ ½Ã°£°ú ¸ñÀûÀ¸·Î¼­ÀÇ ½Ã°£: Å°¿¡¸£ÄÉ°ñ: ³»¸éÀÇ ¿ª»ç / ¿Ü¸éÀÇ ¿ª»çÀÇ ±¸ºÐ.








±â¼ú°ú ½Ã°£;

±â¼úÀº ¿­·ÁÀÖ´Â ¹Ì·¡¸¦ ÀüÁ¦. ±×¿¡ µû¶ó, ±â¼úÀº ¿Ï°á/¿Ï¼ö ¼±ÇüÀû, ÀϹæÇâÀ¸·Î ÁøÇàÇÏ´Â ½Ã°£¼ÓÀÇ Á¸Àç¶ó´Â ºÎ´ãÀ» Á¦°ÅÇÏ°í, ¶Ç ¿­·ÁÀÖ´Â ºÒÈ®½ÇÇÑ ±×¸®°í ¿ì¸®ÀÇ¼Õ ¹Û¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ¹Ì·¡¸¦ ±æµéÀÌ´Â ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ¼ö·ÃÀÇ ¿Ï°áÀÇ Àǹ̷μ­ÀÇ ±â¼ú. mastery domesticate the future. ÀÌ·Î ÀÎÇØ ±â¼úÀÇ °¡Àå ÇÙ½ÉÀûÀÎ ±âº»Àû Ư¡Àº ±âȹ, Áï53. ¼ö´ÜÀÇ °³¼±À¸·Î¼­ÀÇ ±â¼ú. ÀÌ°ÍÀÇ Àǹ̴ Á÷¼±Àû ¼±ÇüÀû ½Ã°£°ü.  .Áøº¸´Â µû¶ó¼­ ¼ö´ÜÀÇ È¿°ú, È¿À²¼ºÀÇ ÁõÁø¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù.


143. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Çö»óÀº »îÀÇ ºñ±ØÀû »î¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ºñ±ØÀû ÀνÄÀÇ ºÎÀç/ºÎÁ·¿¡¼­ == »îÀÇ À¯ÇѼº. »î¿¡¼­ ¿ä±¸µÇ´Â Èñ»ý, ÅõÀï, °áÄÚ ½±Áö ¾ÊÀº ÀÏ, ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ³ë·ÂÀº ¶§¶§·Î ½ÇÆзΠ±Í°áµÈ´Ù´Â °Í. º¸ÀåÀÌ ¾ø´Ù´Â °Í. ±×°ÍÀ» ¸ð¸£´Â Æ÷½ºÆ®¸ð´øÀûÀÎ ÁÖü´Â µû¶ó¼­ ȯ¸êÀ» ´À³¢¸é¼­ Ãß¾ïÀÇ È¯»ó¿¡ ºüÁö´Â °Í. nostalgia is a response to the loss of belief in the modernist metanarrative of progress. Ãß¾ïÀ̶õ Áøº¸¶ó´Â ±Ù´ëÀû ´ã·Ð¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ½Å·ÚÀÇ »ó½Ç¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´ëÀÀÀ¸·Î ³ªÅ¸³ª´Â °Í. nostalgia's idealized image of the past in its pristine purity.  postmodern homesickness. crisis in historicity.


213. note. 45. ÇϺñ: ±â¼úÀÌ ½Ã°£¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Æ¯Á¤ÇÑ °æÇèÀ» ºÒ·¯ÀÏÀ¸Å°´Â °ÍÀº ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. ±×¸®°í ½Ã°£ÀÇ ºÐÀýÈ­/ÆÄÆíÈ­°¡ Æ÷½ºÆ®¸ð´øÀÇ ½Ã´ë, ¶Ç´Â ±â¼úÀÇ ½Ã´ë¿¡¸¸ ƯÁ¤ÇÑ °æÇèÀº ¾Æ´Ï¶ó´Â °Í. ´Ù¸¸ ¿À´Ã³¯ÀÇ ½Ã´ë¿¡¼­ Áß¿äÇÑ °ÍÀº ºÐÀýÀûÀÌ°í ÆÄÆíÀûÀÎ ½Ã°£ÀÇ °æÇèÀÌ »çȸ¿¡ Àü¹ÝÀûÀ¸·Î Æı޵Ǵ µ¥¿¡ ±â¼úÀÌ °¡Àå Áß¿äÇÑ ¿ä°ÇÀ» Çü¼ºÇÑ´Ù´Â °Í.   the experience of temporal fragmentation




±â¼úÀÇ ÀüüÁÖÀÇÀû ¼º°Ý: 55. ´ë»óÀ¸·Î¼­ÀÇ ÀÚ¿¬°ú »çȸÀÇ °úÁ¤À» ÅëÁ¦ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÇ Áøº¸´Â ¡®Àΰ£Àû ¿ä¼Ò¡¯±îÁöµµ Æ÷ÇÔÇؼ­ ±â¼úÀÇ ÀáÀçÀû ¿ª·®À» ÀüüÀûÀ¸·Î ±¸ÇöÇϴµ¥ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ±â¼úÀ» ÇÊ¿ä·Î ÇÑ´Ù. Àΰ£Àû ¿ä¼Ò¶õ ¼±Àü, Áñ°Å¿ò ±×¸®°í Á÷¾÷¿ª·®À» Æ÷ÇÔÇؼ­.... progress in the control of objectified natural and social processes requires technics for integrating 'human factor; into the whole in order to fully realize technology's potential, techniques as various as propaganda, amusement and vocational guidance.


ÇϹö¸¶½º. ±â¼úÀÇ ÃÖÁ¾Àû ¸ñÇ¥´Â ÀÚµ¿±â°è. self-maintaining system by cybernetic feedback. ÀÌ°°Àº ±â¼ú°üÁ¡¿¡¼­ »çȸ ¿ª½Ã cybernetically self-regulated organization of society¸¦ Èñ¸ÁÇÑ´Ù´Â °Í.


ch. 8. °á·Ð. Æ÷½ºÆ®¸ð´õ´ÏÁò, ±â¼ú, À±¸® ±×¸®°í ½Ã°£.

ºñÆÇÀû À̼ºÀÇ ±âȹ. ±â¼úÀº »çȸÀû ¸Æ¶ô ¼Ó¿¡¼­... Áï, »çȸȭµÈ ¿ä±¸/ÇÊ¿ä¿¡¼­ ±× ¹ßÀüÀÇ ¼Óµµ¿Í ¹æÇâÀÌ °áÁ¤µÈ´Ù. »çȸȭµÈ ¿ä±¸/ÇÊ¿äÀÇ ÁßÀçÀÚ´Â °æÁ¦Àû, ±º»çÀû, Á¤Ä¡Àû ±â±¸, ±â°üµé¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ÁßÀçµÇ¾î¼­ °áÁ¤µÈ´Ù´Â ÀǹÌ. ±×¸®°í ±â¼úÀÌ ÀÌµé ±â±¸¿¡ ´Ù½Ã »çȸȭµÈ ¿ä±¸/Çʿ並 Àü´ÞÇÑ´Ù´Â °Í... react. 


¿À´Ã³¯ÀÇ »çȸÀû ¸Æ¶ô, »çȸÀÇ ±âÁ¶, ±âº»Àû ¸Æ¶ôÀº Æ÷½ºÆ®¸ð´ø. Æ÷½ºÆ®¸ð´øÀûÀÎ ¿ä±¸¸¦?

±â¼ú°ú Æ÷½ºÆ®¸ð´õ´ÏÁò, ±â¼úÀÌ Æ÷½ºÆ®¸ð´ø »çȸÀÇ ¹°¸®Àû ±â¹ÝÀ¸·Î ÀÛ¿ë?


postmodern despair: relativism °ú ±×¿¡ ¼ö¹ÝµÉ ¼ö¹Û¿¡ ¾ø´Â nihilism. postmodernism°ú ±â¼úÀÇ ¹®Á¦:

±â¼ú¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±Ùº»Àû ºñÆÇÀ» ¸¹Àº ¿©·¯ ¸¹Àº °üÁ¡ÀÇ Çϳª·Î Ä¡ºÎÇÏ´Â °Í.


postmodern attitude == ¿ª¼³Àû ÀÌÅ», ¶³¾îÁ®ÀÖ±â(detachment) ¼¼°è¿Í ÀǹÌÀÇ ±¸Á¶¿Í À̼ºÀû ±Ô¹üÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ °Å¸®µÎ±â. ... p. 11

 

Æ÷½ºÆ®¸ð´øÀÇ ÀǹÌ: ÁÖ¿ä¿ä¼Òµé, ¶Ç´Â Á߽ɿä¼Òµé key elements, master elements

ironic, cynical detachment. fragmentary existence.  ÁøÁöÇÑ »çÀ¯´Â À¯ÈñÀû Á¤½Å¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ÁÖº¯È­µÈ´Ù. cynicism, irreverence and distrust... º»Áú°ú Ç¥»óÀÇ ±¸ºÐÀ» °ÅºÎÇÏ´Â. º»·¡ÀûÀÎ °Í°ú ºñº»·¡ÀûÀÎ °ÍÀÇ ±¸ºÐ. ¼Ò¿Ü¿Í ÁÖº¯È­ÀÇ ±¸ºÐ °ÅºÎ. ¿øº»°ú º¹»çº»ÀÇ ±¸ºÐ °ÅºÎ... not to make truth claims about a world.  appearance of a thing that is important. postmodernism is treated as the cultural superstructure of late capitalism.


Harvey and Jameson. Æ÷½ºÆ®¸ð´øÀûÀÎ »çȸÇö»óÀº Èıâ ÀÚº»ÁÖÀÇÀÇ °æÁ¦Àû ¸í·É. ¿ä±¸. °æÁ¦Àû ¿ä±¸¿¡ µû¸¥, µµ·¡ÇÏ´Â Çö»ó. the temporary becomes the hallmark of postmodern living. a self that exists in a state of inauthenticity. ºñº»ÁúÀûÀÎ, ºñº»·¡ÀûÀÎ »óÅ·ΠÁ¸ÀçÇÏ´Â ÀÚ¾Æ, ÀÌ°°Àº ÀÚ¾ÆÀÇ Á¸Àç ÇüÅÂÀÇ Àǹ̴ a state of being self-unknown. Àھƻó½Ç, ÀھƸ¦ ¸ð¸£´Â »óÅÂ.


cut off from their moorings and set adrift. the unbearable lightness of being. a lived experience as a series of disconnected intensities.  the need for novelty and fresh stimulation becomes more and more intense, intervening interludes of boredom increasingly intolerable.



the will to mastery. technological rationality and the loss of meaning.


150. the postmodern facisnation with surfaces and images functions as a demand, mediated by capitalism, for a certain direction of technological development, towards ever more versatile and effective production and reproduction of information and simulacra....


Æ÷½ºÆ®¸ð´õ´ÏƼÀÇ µîÀå: ÀΰúÀû ¼³¸í ºÒ°¡.

ÀÚº»ÁÖÀÇ °æÁ¦ÀÇ ¹ßÀü: fordist mode. ´ë·®»ý»ê-´ë·®¼Òºñ: Ç¥ÁØÈ­µÈ °øÁ¤°ú ¼Òºñ»çȸ --> post-fordist mode: ½ÃÀåÀÇ Æ÷È­, ½ÃÀåÀÇ È®´ë, ¼Òºñ¼öÁØÀÇ Çâ»ó, ´ë·®»ý»ê-´ë·®¼ÒºñÀÇ structure°¡ ´õ ÀÌ»ó ±× ¿ªÇÒÀ» ¿ÏÀüÇÏ°Ô ¼öÇàÇϱ⠾î·Á¿ò. racuna, vucuum. °æÁ¦¹ßÀü, ¼ÒµæÇâ»ó, ±³À°È®´ë µîµî.... ´Ù¾çÇÑ ¼ÒºñÇàÅÂ, ´Ù¾çÇÑ ¿ä±¸, °¡Ä¡°üÀÇ º¯È­. ½ÃÀå°ú ¼ö¿äÀÚ/¼ÒºñÀڵ鿡 ´ëÇÑ Á¤º¸ÆľÇÀÇ ¿ä±¸,


153: both the postmodernist and the technological attitudes, the world is viewed either as a mere occasion for the unlimited satisfaction of desire, or as a resource for unlimited making. the technological worldview thus envisions unlimited possibility. in this regard, lasch speaks of the decisive coupling, in modernity and beyond, of an indefinite expansion and proliferation of desires, on the one hand, and of technology's provision of the means of satisfy them, on the other.


lasch, harvey: the good life that technology tends to deliver is one of endless novelty, change, and excitement, == good life identified with leisure and consumerism === 154. unlimited possibility, in short, just the speedup of life that is characteristic of postmodernism. marginalize meaningful practices. 165. technological consciousness and postmodern sensibility are complicit in the marginalization of meaningful practices.


154. Æ÷½ºÆ®¸ð´õ´ÏÁò¿¡¼­ Áøº¸ÀÇ ¾ÆÀ̵ð¾î´Â ´ëü·Î »ó½ÇµÇ¾úÀ¸³ª, ±âÀÌÇϸ®¸¸Ä¡ ±â¼úÀû Áøº¸/¹ßÀüÀÇ °³³ä¸¸Å­Àº »ì¾Æ³²¾Ò´Ù´Â °Í.


Æ÷½ºÆ®¸ð´õ´ÏÁòÀ» »ó¡ÇÏ´Â ±â¼úÀÇ ¿¹:

155-162: discussions about virtual reality technology: a pure experience of a surface world.  == postmodern technology.


Æ÷½ºÆ®¸ð´ø

1. Æ÷½ºÆ®¸ð´õ´ÏƼ = »çȸ¹®È­Àû »óȲÀÇ Æ¯Â¡µé conditiions

2. Æ÷½ºÆ®¸ð´õ´ÏÁò = Çö´ë»çȸ¿¡ dz¹ÌÇϴ ƯÁ¤ÇÑ °¨¼ºµé sensibility


¸Åü, ±¤°í, »õ·Î¿î ±â¼úµé(¿¹:VR), ¶Ç ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ¼Òºñ»çȸÀÇ °¢Á¾ »ê¹°µéÀ» ÅëÇؼ­ Æ÷½ºÆ®¸ð´øÀûÀÎ Çö»óµéÀÌ °¢ÀÚÀÇ ÀÏ»ó»ýÈ°·Î ħÅõÇØ¿À°í ÀÖ´Ù.